ITI Most Important Fundamental, Derived, SI Units
In this chapter, we will understand the conversion of SI units and quantities derived from SI systems to base units such as (FPS, MKS, and CGS) issued by the Indian Standards Organization.
ITI Most Important Derived UnitsUnits The Indian Standards Organization (ISO, ISI) has set a standard for all the items, according to that, if questions are asked from ITI’s Workshop Calculation and Science, then today we will know about all the units in it and will also understand its detail form.
Units are mainly classified into two categories, basic units and derived units.
Fundamental Units (मूल मात्रक)
लंबाई भार और समय के मात्रक को मूल मात्रक कहते हैं मूल मात्रकों की तीन पद्धतियां होती हैं
The units of length, weight and time are called basic units. There are three systems of basic units.
F.P.S System (F.P.S पद्धति) :-
फुट, पौंड, सेकंड पद्धति में लंबाई या दुरी के लिए फुट को, भार या द्रव्यमान के लिए पौंड को वह समय के लिए सेकंड को मात्रक के रूप में काम लिया जाता है इस प्रणाली को ब्रिटिश प्रणाली भी कहते हैं
In the foot, pound, second system, the foot is used as a unit for length or distance, the pound for weight or mass, the second is used as a unit for time, this system is also called British system.
C.G.S System (C.G.S पद्धति) :-
सैंटीमीटर ग्राम सेकंड पद्धति में लंबाई या दुरी के लिए सेंटीमीटर को, भार या द्रव्यमान के लिए ग्राम को समय के लिए सेकंड को मात्रक के रूप में काम लिया जाता है
In the centimeter gram second method, centimeter is used as the unit for length or distance, gram for mass or mass, second for time.
M.K.S System (M.K.S पद्धति) :-
मीटर किलोग्राम सेकंड पद्धति में लंबाई या दुरी के लिए मीटर को द्रव्यमान के लिए किलोग्राम को व समय के लिए सेकंड को मात्रा के रूप में काम लिया जाता है इस पद्धति को मैट्रिक पद्धति भी कहते हैं
In meter kilogram second method, meter for length or distance is used as kilogram for mass and second for time, this method is also called metric method.
Derived Units (व्युत्पन्न मात्रक)
वह मात्रक जो दो या दो से अधिक मूल मात्रकों से मिलकर बना होता है व्युत्पन्न मात्रक कहलाता है जैसे क्षेत्रफल का मात्रक, आयतन का मात्रक, दाब, ऊर्जा, शक्ति, बल, कार्य, इत्यादि के मात्रक
The unit that is made up of two or more basic units is called derived units, such as units of area, units of volume, pressure, energy, power, force, work, etc.
क्षेत्रफल = लंबाई (cm) x चौड़ाई (cm)
= cm x cm = cm2
दाब = बल/क्षेत्रफल (Kg/cm2)
(भार की एक इकाई व लंबाई की दो चौड़ाई)
International System of Units or SI Units (मात्रकों की अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रणाली या एस आई मात्रक)
| Sr. No | Basic Quantity | Name | Symbol |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Length (लंबाई) | Meter | m |
| 2 | Mass (द्रव्यमान) | Kilogram | Kg |
| 3 | Time (समय) | Seceond | s |
| 4 | Current (धारा) | Ampere | A |
| 5 | Temperature (तापक्रम) | Calvin | K |
| 6 | Light Intensity (ज्योति तीव्रता) | Candela | Cd |
Conversion of Units (मात्रकों का रूपांतरण)
Length (लंबाई) :-
Length in Metric System :-
| 1 Micron | 0.001 mm |
| 1 millimeter | 1000 micron 0.001 meter |
| 1 centimeter | 10 milimeter |
| 1 decimeter | 10 centimeter |
| 1 meter | 10 decimeter |
| 1 meter | 100 centimeter |
| 1 decameter | 10 meter |
| 1 hectometer | 10 decameter |
| 1 kilometer | 10 hectometer |
| 1 kilometer | 1000 meter 100 decameter |
Length in British System :-
| 1 Foot | 12 Inch |
| 1 yard | 3 Foot 36 Inch |
| 1 Flanges | 220 Gaj (Yard) |
| 1 Mile | 8 Flanges |
| 1 Mile | 1760 Yards |
| 1 Mile | 5280 Foot |
Length conversion coefficient :-
| 1 Mile | 1.609 Kilometer |
| 1 Kilometer | 0.622 Mile |
| 1 Yards | 91.44 Centimeter |
| 1 millimeter | 0.03937 Inch |
| 1 meter | 3.28 Foot 39.37 Inch 1.094 Yards |
Mass or Weight (द्रव्यमान या भार)
Mass or Weight in Metric System
| 1 Centigram | 10 miligram |
| 1 decigram | 10 centigram |
| 1 gram | 10 decigram |
| 1 decagram | 10 gram |
| 1 hectogram | 10 decagram |
| 1 kilogram | 10 hectrogram |
| 1 kilogram | 1000 gram |
| 1 quantal | 100 kilogram |
| 1 Metric Ton | 1000 kilogram |
Mass or Weight in British System :-
| 1 Pond | 16 oz |
| 1 cwt | 4 Quarter |
| 1 ton (long) | 20 hundred weight |
| 1 ton (T) | 2240 lb |
| 1 cental | 100 lb |
| 1 cwt | 112 lb |
Mass or Weight conversion coefficient :-
| 1 Gram | 0.035 oz |
| 1 Oz | 28.35 gram |
| 1 lb | 435.6 gram |
| 1 kg | 2.205 lb |
| 1 ton ( metric ) | 1000 kg |
| 1 ton ( British ) | 1016 kg |
| 1oz | 28.35 gram |
Capacity
Capacity in Metric System :-
| 1 Centiliter | 10 milliliter |
| 1 deciliter | 10 centiliter |
| 1 liter | 10 decileter |
| 1 decaliter | 10 liter |
| 1 hectoliter | 10 decaliter |
| 1 kiloliter | 10 hectoliter |
Capacity in British System
| 4 Gilz | 1 Pint |
| 1 quart | 2 Pint |
| 1 gallon | 4 quart |
| 1 barrel | 31.5 gallon |
Capacity conversion coefficient
| 1 gallon | 4.5446 liter |
| 1 gallon | 0.1605 cubic foot |
| 1 liter | 1000 cubic centimeter |
| 1 cubic meter | 1000 liter |
Volume
Volume Metric System
| 1 Cubic Centimeter | 1000 Cubic Millimeter |
| 1 Cubic Decimeter | 1000 Cubic Centimeter |
| 1 Cubic Meter | 1000 Cubic Decameter 1000 Liter |
| 1 Liter | 1 Cubic Decimeter |
| 1 Hectoliter | 1000 Liter |
| 1 Gallon | 4.546 Liter |
Volume British System
| 1 Cubic Foot | 6.23 Gallon 28.317 Liter |
| 1 Cubic Yard | 27 Cubic Foot |
| 1 Cubic Foot Water weight | 62.5 lb |
Capacity conversion coefficient
| 1 Cubic Inch | 16.4 Cubic Centimeter |
Area
Area Metric System
| 1 Square Centimeter | 100 Square Millimeter |
| 1 Square Decimeter | 100 Square Centimeter |
| 1 Square Meter | 100 Square Decimeter |
| 1 Hectare | 10000 Square Meter |
Area British System
| 1 Square Foot | 144 Square Inch |
| 1 Square Yard | 9 Square Foot |
| 1 Acre | 4840 Square Yard |
| 1 Square Mile | 640 Acres |
Area conversion coefficient
| 1 Hectare | 2.4711 Acre |
| 1 Square Yard | 0.8361 Square meter |
| 1 Square Inch | 6.45 Square Centimeter |
Units of Time
| 1 minutes | 60 Second |
| 24 Hours | 1 Day |
| 30 Days | 1 Month |
| 60 Minutes | 1 Hour |
| 365 Days | 1 Year |
| 12 Months | 1 Year |
Units of Angle
| 180° | π Radian |
| 1 Radian | 180/π Degree = 57.17′ |
| 1 Degree | 60′ Minutes |
| 1 Degree | π/180 Radian |
| 1 Minutes | 60′ Second |
Pressure
| 1 Atmospheric pressure | 1.033 Kg per Square Centimeter 14.7 lb Per Square Inch |
| 1 Kg per Square meter | 0.205 lb per Square Inch |
| 1 kg per square centimeter | 14.225 lb per square inch |
| 1 lb per square foot | 4.88 kg per square meter |
| 1 lb per square inch | 0.0703 kg per square centimeter |
| 1 gm per centimeter | 62.436 lb per cubic foot |